• Home
  • /
  • Blog
  • /
  • Facile Fabrication and Characterization of Novel Sterculia Gum–graft-poly(n-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) Hydrogel for Efficient Removal of Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solution

 Journal of Polymer and Composites

ISSN No - 2321–2810

Submit to JoPC
Login/Signup
Join Us
Submit Topic
Journal Menu
Editors Overview

JoPc maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

Meet the editorial board
Archives
 Issues

Nisha Sharma, Sinderpal Kabalsingh Tank

Volume

Volume 9  |  Issue : 3  |  DOI : 10.37591/JoPC  |  Date : Received : 08/20/2022    |  Accepted : 08/30/2022  |  Published : 08/30/2022

[This article belongs to the  Journal of Polymer & Composites   (JoPC) ]

Keywords

  • Sterculia gum 
  • polymer gel 
  •  smart polymer
  •  swelling kinetic
  •  cationic dyes
  •  recycling

Abstract

Water is indispensable component of life. Contamination of water is a severe problem that affects human health, aquatic vegetation, and fauna. Aside from various effluents, a variety of cationic dyes generated by industrial effluents contributes significantly to water contamination. In this study, a sterculia gum graft-poly(n-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) hydrogel was made using a graft copolymerization technique with N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide as a crosslinker, ammonium persulphate as an initiator, and tetramethylethylenediamine as an accelerator to enrich cationic dyes from aqueous solution. SEM, FTIR, TGA, and swelling experiments were used to characterize the final hydrogel. SEM images show a thick surface with uneven pores and craters, indicating that the grafting and hydrogel production were successful. The hydrogel swelled pH-dependently, with a maximum swelling of 10.88 g/g at pH 9.2 and a minimum of 7.91 g/g at pH 4. The effectiveness of a sterculia gum graft-poly(n-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) hydrogel for removing the cationic dyes, methylene blue, malachite green, and crystal violet has been thoroughly investigated. The influence of feed dye concentration, solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and reaction temperature was experimentally examined. The maximal adsorption capacities for methylene blue(MB), malachite green(MG), and crystal violet(CV) were 17.885, 18.031, and 16.995 mg/g, respectively, at pH 7 and 35°C, according to the Temkin isotherm model. The dye adsorption occurred in a regulated mode through less Fickian mechanism and obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetic model. In addition, following three adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorbent showed high reusability. As a result, the sterculia gum graft-poly(n-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) hydrogel may be used to purify water and remove cationic dyes from aqueous solution effectively.

Full Text:

Download pdf
Browse figure

References

  1. WHO.: Guidelines for drinking-water quality. WHO, Geneva; 1984.
  2. Kumar KV, Ramamurthi V, Sivanesan S. Bio sorption of Malachite, a green cationic dye onto Pithophora sp., a fresh water algae. Dyes Pigments. 2006; 69 (1–2): 102–107. https://doi.org/
  3. 1016/j.dyepig.2005.02.005
  4. Slokar YM, Marechal AML. Methods of decoloration of textile wastewaters, Dyes Pigments. 1998; 37 (4): 335–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7208(97)00075-2
  5. Hassan M-M., Hawkyard C-J.: Ozonation of aqueous dyes and dye house effluent in a bubble-column reactor. J Environ Sci Heal A. 2002; 37 (8): 1563–1579.https://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-120013277
  6. Bhaskar NS, Kadam AD, Biwal JJ, et al. Removal of rhodamine 6G from wastewater using solar irradiations in the presence of different additives. Desalin water treat.2016; 57 (39): 18275–18285. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1090923
  7. Zaleschi L, Secula MS., Teodosiu C, et al. Removal of rhodamine 6G from aqueous effluents by electrocoagulation in a batch reactor: assessment of operational parameters and process mechanism. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2014; 225 (9): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2101-z
  8. Allegre C, Maisseu M, Charbit F, et al. Coagulation-flocculation-decantation of dye house effluents: concentrated effluents. J. Hazard. Mater. B. 2004; 116 (1–2): 57–64.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.07.005
  9. Hao OJ, Kim H, Chiang PC. Decolorization of waste water. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol.2000; 30 (4): 449–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380091184237
  10. Sanghi R, Bhattacharya B, Singh V. Seed gum polysaccharides and their grafted co-polymers for the effective coagulation of textile dye solutions. React. Funct. Polym. 2007; 67 (6): 495–502.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.02.012
  11. Kumar N, Hemanth M, Parashar V, et al. Efficient removal of rhodamine 6G dye from aqueous solution using nickel sulphide incorporated polyacrylamide grafted gum karayabionanocomposite hydrogel. RSC Adv. 2016; 6 (26): 21929–21939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA24299A
  12. Mittal H, Maity A, Ray SS. Effective removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solution using gum ghatti-based biodegradable hydrogel. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015; 79: 8–20.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.045
  13. Ngwabebhoh FA, Gazi,M, Oladipo AA. Adsorptive removal of multi-azo dye from aqueous phase using a semi-IPN superabsorbent chitosan-starch hydrogel. Chem. Res.Eng and design. 2016; 112: 274–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.045
  14. Gonçalves JO,Santos JP, Rios EC, et al. Development of chitosan based hybrid hydrogels for dyes removal from aqueous binary system. J. Molecular Liquids. 2017; 225: 265–270.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.11.067
  15. Singh B, Sharma V, Kumar R,et al. Designing moringa gum-sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel wound dressings for drug delivery applications. CarbohydrPolymTechnol Appl. 2021; 2: 100062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100062
  16. Chang Z, Chen Y, Tang S, et al. Construction of chitosan/polyacrylate/graphene oxide composite physical hydrogel by semi-dissolution/acidification/sol-gel transition method and its simultaneous cationic and anionic dye adsorption properties. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2020; 229: 115431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115431
  17. Li Y, Hou X, Pan Y, et al. Redox-responsive carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel for adsorption and controlled release of dye. European Polymer Journal. 2020; 123: 109447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109447
  18. Zheng M, Cai K, Chen M, et al. pH-responsive poly(gellan gum-co-acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel: Synthesis, and its application for organic dye removal.Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020; 153: 573–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.024
  19. Aspinall GO, Sanderson GR. Plant gums of the genus Sterculia. Part IV. Acidic oligosaccharides from Sterculiaurens gum. Journal of Chemical Society. 1970; 16: 2256-2258 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1039/J39700002256
  20. Edwards HGM, Falk MJ, Sibley MG, et al. FT-Raman spectroscopy of gums of technological significance.SpectrochimicaActa-Part A. Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 1998; 54 (7): 903–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-1425(98)00018-3
  21. Singh B, Singh B. Radiation induced graft copolymerization of graphene oxide and carbopol onto sterculia gum polysaccharide to develop hydrogels for biomedical applications. FlatChem. 2020; 19: 100151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flatc.2019.100151
  22. Singh B, Sharma N. Design of sterculia gum based double potential antidiarrheal drug delivery system. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces. 2011; 82 (2): 325–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.09.004
  23. Singh B, Sharma N. Modification of sterculia gum with methacrylic acid to prepare a novel drug delivery system. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2008; 43 (2): 142–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2008.04.008
  24. Singh B, Sharma N. Synthesis and characterization of sterculia gum based pH responsive drug delivery system for use in colon cancer. J MacromolSci Part A Pure Appl Chem. 2009; 46 (4): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601320902720337
  25. Singh B, Sharma N. Mechanistic implication for cross-linking in sterculia-based hydrogels and their use in GIT drug delivery. Biomacromolecules. 2009; 10 (9): 2515–2532. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm9004645
  26. Singh B, Kumar A, Rohit. Gamma radiation formation of sterculia gum-alginate-carbopol hydrogel dressing by grafting method for use in brain drug delivery. ChemPhys Lett. 2021; 779: 138875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138875
  27. Alange VV, Birajdar RP, Kulkarni RV. Functionally modified polyacrylamide-graft-gum karaya pH-sensitive spray dried microspheres for colon targeting of an anti-cancer drug. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2017; 102: 829–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.023
  28. Magalhães GA, Moura Neto E, Sombra VG, et al. Chitosan/Sterculiastriata polysaccharides nanocomplex as a potential chloroquine drug release device. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2016; 88: 244–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.070
  29. Singh R, Pal D, Mathur A, et al. An efficient pH sensitive hydrogel, with biocompatibility and high reusability for removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution.Reactive and Functional Polymers. 2019; 144: 104346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.01.013
  30. Bidarakatte PK, Badalamoole V. Microwave assisted synthesis of karaya gum based montmorillonite nanocomposite: Characterisation, swelling and dye adsorption studies. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020; 154: 739–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.107
  31. Yadav S, Asthana A, Chakraborty R, et al. Cationic Dye Removal Using Novel Magnetic / Activated Charcoal/β-Cyclodextrin / Alginate Polymer.Nanocomposite. 2020; 10 (1): 1–20.https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fnano10010170
  32. Ghourbanpour J, Sabzi M, ShafaghN.Effective dye adsorption behavior of poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitin nanofiber/Fe(III)complex.Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019; 137: 296–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.213
  33. Singh B, Pal L. Radiation crosslinking poly-merization of sterculia polysaccharide-PVA-PVP for making hydrogel wound dressings. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2011; 48 (3): 501–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.01.013
  34. Cert D L, Irinei F, MullerG.Solution properties of gum exudates from Sterculiaurens (Karaya gum). Carbohydr. Polym. 1990; 13 (4): 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(90)90037-s
  35. ArousNA, DjadounS. Poly[2-(N,N-Dimethylamino) Ethyl Methacrylate] /Poly(Styrene-Co-Methacrylic Acid) Interpolymer complexes, Macromol. Symp. 2011; 303 (1): 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201150517
  36. AhmedEM. Hydrogel: Preparation, characterization, and applications: A review. J. Adv. Res. 2015; 6 (2): 105–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2013.07.006
  37. JanaS, PradhanSS, TripathyT. Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) grafted hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogel: A useful congo red dye remover.J. Polym. Environ. 2018; 26 (7): 2730–47. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10924-017-1168-1
  38. IbrahimAG, HaiFA, WahabHA, et al. Synthesis, characterization, swelling studies and dye removal of chemically crosslinked acrylic acid/acrylamide/N,N-dimethyl acrylamide hydrogels. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2016; 4 (6): 221–234. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160406.12
  39. SandemanSR, Gun’koVM, BakalinskaOM, et al. Adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes by activated carbons, PVA hydrogels and PVA/AC composite, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2011; 358 (2): 582–592.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.02.031
  40. MittalH, MaityA, RaySS. Synthesis of co-polymer-grafted gum karaya and silica hybrid organic–inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite for the highly effective removal of methylene blue.Chemical Engineering Journal. 2015; 279: 166–179 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.05.002
  41. GhoraiS, SarkarA, RaoufiM, et al. Enhanced removal of methylene blue and methyl violet dyes from aqueous solution using a nanocomposite of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and incorporated nanosilica. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 2014; 6 (7): 4766–4777. https://doi.org/10.1021/am4055657
  42. HameedBH, El-KhaiaryMI.Batch removal of malachite green from aqueous solutions by adsorption on oil palm trunk fibre: Equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies.J. Hazard. Mater. 2008; 154 (1–3): 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.017
  43. MittalH, MishraSB: Gum ghatti and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles based nanocomposites for the effective adsorption of rhodamine B.Carbohydrate Polymers. 2014; 101: 1255–1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.045
  44. MittalH, MaityA, RaySS. The Adsorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ onto Gum Ghatti-Grafted Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) Biodegradable Hydrogel: Isotherms and Kinetic Models. J. Phys. Chem. B.2015; 119 (5): 2026–2039. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5090857
  45. ChowdhuryS, MishraR, SahaP, et al. Adsorption thermodynamics, kinetics and isosteric heat of adsorption of malachite green onto chemically modified rice husk. Desalination. 2011;265(1-3):159-168.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.07.047
  46. RudzinskiW, PlazinskiW. Kinetics of solute adsorption at solid/solution Interfaces: A theoretical development of the empirical pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic rate equations based on applying the statistical rate theory of interfacial transport. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2006; 110 (33): 16514–16525.https://doi.org/10.1021/jp061779n
  47. HoYS, MckayG.A comparison of chemisorption kinetic models applied to pollutant removal on various sorbents. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 1998; 76 (4): 332–340. https://doi.org/10.1205/095758298529696
  48. Weber WJ, Morris JC. Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solutions.J. Sanit. Eng. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 1963; 89 (2): 31–60. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSEDAI.0000430
  49. Patel YN, Patel MP. Novel cationic poly (AAm/NVP/ DAPB) hydrogels for removal of some textile anionic dyes from aqueous solution. J. Macromol. Sci. A. 2012; 49 (6): 490–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2012.676915